Commodities’ Speculative Froth Skimming
In response to France’s call as current G-20 chair for insight and recommendations on the overlap between commodity and financial markets and in particular the impact on price volatility and food security several task forces have reported back with proposed measures. Since 2008 the GSCI Index aggregating energy, agriculture and metals has doubled and assets under management through ETFs and dedicated funds and accounts have reached almost half a trillion dollars. By volume gold listings are the top exchange-traded products and in the US the CFTC regulator had concluded after oil investment investigations that stricter position limits could be needed affecting both industry and portfolio players. Developing and industrial country officials have met twice on the subject and asked groups like the IIF and IOSCO to weigh in on aspects from better data and information to anti-speculative and stabilization mechanisms. The securities supervisors have endorsed greater transparency and access and margin controls in principle without stipulating specific steps. The bankers’ trade association has spurned allocation restrictions while citing overwhelming evidence that swings results from underlying physical imbalances and that “long” index tendencies offset the short price-fall hedges of end-users. The World Bank agreed in a June report that the empirical case for defining and dampening so-called commodity “financialization” was weak and that exchange practice in Chicago and elsewhere for spot and futures activity also introduces distortions. Increased correlation between asset classes throughout the past five year crisis period has heightened correction severity generally. Emerging economies led by China have become leading raw material consumers, and food availability has been impaired by poor harvests and distribution channels as well as competing demand for grain-based fuel. Export bans in Asia and Europe have also hindered supply, while “resource nationalism” changing mining rules for foreign producers has affected metal values.
Developing countries acting through UNCTAD have nonetheless insisted on stricter financial intermediary oversight and an outright ban on proprietary dealing in the commodities space and urged reconsideration of 1980s vintage global price-stabilization arrangements which unwound at the time of the debt crisis which then almost sank major banks. The UK and EU are reviewing their approaches with the MiFID guidelines on cross-border investment likely to incorporate specialist adjustments for derivatives exposure and reporting. The World Bank’s IFC arm has meanwhile sponsored an agricultural risk management instrument that will allow up to $4 billion in farmer hedging, following President Zoellick’s prompt to “better use and not block markets.” As with the Basle III capital and liquidity standards the IIF has warned of higher costs and “unintended consequences” from new rules that may match commodities’ sudden sweep.
